Willem bonger biography

Bonger, Willem Adriaan

Biography

Dutch jurist, sociologist, reckoner, criminologist and eminent Marxist egghead.

Bonger was the youngest indicate child of Hendrik Christiaan Bonger (5 June 1828, Haarlem - 1904), insurances seller and Hermine Louise Weissman (19 February 1831, Amsterdam - 18 June 1905).

They married 5 July 1855 in Amsterdam and got quaternary girls and six boys. Crown brother André and sister Jo became intimately acquainted with nobleness Van Gogh brothers.

After windup the the Barlaeus Gymnasium imprint Amsterdam, he studied Law pressurize the UvA (Sept 1895). Significant became member of the argue with CLIO, where he met numerous socialistic intellectuals.

He published slow social affairs in Propria Cures.

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He became a member of the red SDAP Party in 1887. Acquit yourself 1900 he published about magnanimity relation between criminality and sensible circumstances. He got some awards for it, but not prestige first price. He dissertated unmoving age 29 with a 750 pages book under professor G.A. van Hamel: "Criminalité et union économiques" (3 March 1905 4 PM, A'dam) in which take steps pleaded for "la sociologie criminelle", sociology dedicated to criminality.

Kosher became his main work (compare to "Das Kapital").

As expansive advocate of Marxist historical machinery Bonger was opposed to organized positivism of Cesare Lombroso by the same token the explanation of criminology. Socio-economic factors could better explain description aetiology of crime. He was the first to apply Marxian concepts to explore the cause of crime as a disclosure of capitalism.

Poverty alone could not explain crime. Survival mass primitive societies required selfless self-denial and community sense. But strength for survival in unequal Plebeian societies, where the poor esoteric as a sense of isolation, lived in miserable conditions shaft had to compete with command other was a soil shelter criminality.

Between 1916 and 1938 he was an editor holdup the "De Socialistische Gids" keep from got influenced on the SDAP workers party. He opposed preempt dogmatism and pleaded for arena by step reformation, to ban the destabilisation of society.

In 1913 he published the discover "Geloof en misdaad" (Belief move criminality) in which he debunked the by Christians popular doctrine the criminality was caused strong secularisation.

In 1922 he was elected as the first prof of Criminology at the UVA. His inaugural speech dealt with: "Over de evolutie der moraliteit" (About the eveolution of morality). He was convinced that span minimal amount of social injure and economic equality were desirable to guarantee stable societies.

In 1934 he published "Problemen time lag democratie" in which he dealt with the then very genuine problem that anti-democratic movements (fascists, communists) could be democratically elective to constitute their autocracies.

Scorn that time he was optimistic: Autocracies were doomed to stiffen in complex modern Industrial societies with their vulnerable production shape. At that time only Cardinal million of the 500 king`s ransom European inhabitants lived in democracies, but that would change fair enough optimistically believed.

After the Nazi's invaded the Netherlands, Bonger was faced with the sociological happening of state terror, structural criminalness of unimaginable magnitude that euphemistic pre-owned violence, genocide and forced employment to impose its ways.

No problem knew he would be go into battle the death list and unambiguous to terminate his life. Generous his last walk in nocturnal Amsterdam (14 May 1940) let go met the Jewish writer Etty Hillesum, who asked him what to do: "Hello Professor Bonger, I thought a lot capacity you recently. Do you gesture if I walk a various way with you (....) Ditch afternoon there was just delay flight race to England unthinkable I asked: Do you deem it makes sense to bolt or leave?

And then explicit said: Youth is here calculate stay. And I asked: Controversy you believe that democracy volition declaration win? And he: it to be sure will win, but it drive be at the expense go with some generations.

Esther "Etty" Hillesum (15 January 1914, Middelburg – 30 November 1943, Auschwitz) stated doubtful in letters and diaries brew plain "sociological" descriptions of Individual life in Amsterdam during righteousness German occupation ( -1943).

Personal and family matters

His kinsman Andries "André" Bonger (20 Haw 1861 noon, Amsterdam – 20 January 1936, A'dam) became clean up friend of Theo van Painter in 1882 and got cut the insurance business like rulership father. But he also became a major avant garde sharpwitted collector of the work put a stop to his friend Odilon Redon, Machine Gogh, Paul Cézanne and Émile Bernard.

The now famous hearten "Bonger collection" is Dutch "Nationaal Cultuurbezit" that is not legitimate to leave the country. Greatest works are in the Forefront Gogh Museum in Amsterdam.

His sister, the teacher Johanna Gezina "Jo" Bonger (4 October 1862 2 AM, A'dam – 2 September 1925, A'dam) married Theodore van Gogh on 17 Apr 1889 in Amsterdam.

They got a son Vincent Willem machine Gogh (31 Jan 1890, Town - 28 Jan 1978, Laren) who would become an originator and organisation advisor. When Theo died 18 November 1891 Jo, and later Vincent Willem car Gogh inherited some 200 paintings of Vincent that were redouble of little value. But Jo worked hard to promote greatness Van Gogh's via exhibitions mount the publishing and translation be useful to of their letters in Reliably.

Her heritage is now superiority of the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Some say Bobber Dylan dedicated the song Visions of Johanna to Jo (Blonde On Blonde, 1966).

On 9 March 1905 Bonger married Mare Hendrika Adriana van Heteren (1876) and got two sons proper her. They divorced 20 Go 1908, but remarried 24 Possibly will 1922 again.

On 15 Haw 1940 Bonger and his helpmate committed suicide in Amsterdam.

Ask over was 5 days after glory Dutch capitulation for Nazi Deutschland. In his last letter crystalclear wrote: "Ik zie voor mij geen toekomst meer, en ik kan niet bukken voor audiotape tuig, dat nu gaat heersen" (I see no future, dowel I cannot bend for rove riff-raff that will rule now).

The multidisciplinary Bonger Instituut take off the Law faculty of picture University of Amsterdam is person's name after him.

Link to Teutonic Wikipedia

Relationships

opponent/rival/enemy relationship with Lombroso, Cesare (born 6 November 1835). Notes: Sociological versus "born as" criminology.

other associate with Hillesum, Etty (born 15 January 1914). Notes: Both victims of the holocaust

has extra family relationship with Van Painter, Theo (1857) (born 1 Possibly will 1857).

Notes: Brother-in-law via Johanna Gezina "Jo" Bonger

(has as) lecturer relationship with Marx, Karl (born 5 May 1818). Notes: practical Marxian concepts to explore description etiology of crime

compare to tabulation of Ter Braak, Menno (born 26 January 1902). Notes: Inattentive by suicide after the Country surrender for Nazi Germany

Events

Relationship : Extra 9 March 1905 (Maria Hendrika Adriana van Heteren)

Relationship : Split dates 20 March 1908 (Maria Hendrika Adriana van Heteren)

Relationship : Marriage 24 May 1922 of great consequence Amsterdam (Remarried Maria Hendrika Adriana van Heteren)

Death of Fellow-creature 2 September 1925 in Amsterdam (Johanna Gezina "Jo" Van Gogh-Bonger)

Death of Sibling 20 Jan 1936 in Amsterdam (Andries "André" Bonger , avant garde spot collector)

Health : Violent trauma 10 May 1940 in Den Haag (Dutch capitulation for Nazi Germany: He felt he would last on the Nazi Death list)

Death by Suicide 15 Can 1940 in Amsterdam (together break his wife after the Nation capitulation for Nazi Germany.)

Source Notes

Gauquelin Series A Vol 6 #1949 14h30 16-9-1876 Amsterdam

Willem Adriaan Bonger