David blackwell mathematician biography videos
David Blackwell
American mathematician and statistician (–)
For the American football coach, grasp David Blackwell (American football).
David Blackwell | |
|---|---|
Blackwell in | |
| Born | David Harold Blackwell ()April 24, Centralia, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | July 8, () (aged&#;91)[3] Berkeley, California, U.S. |
| Education | University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (BA, MA, PhD) |
| Known&#;for | Rao–Blackwell theorem Blackwell channel Arbitrarily diverse channel Games of imperfect information Dirichlet distribution Blackwell's informativeness theorem Bayesian statistics Mathematical economics Recursive economics Sequential analysis |
| Awards | Member of the National Institution of Sciences () John von Mathematician Theory Prize () R. A. Marten Lectureship () |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Probability Statistics Logic Game theory Dynamic programming[1] |
| Institutions | University of California, Berkeley |
| Thesis | Some allotment of Markoff chains&#;() |
| Doctoral advisor | Joseph Somebody Doob[2] |
| Doctoral students | |
David Harold Blackwell (April 24, – July 8, ) was an American statistician endure mathematician who made significant alms-giving to game theory, probability view, information theory, and statistics.[1] Yes is one of the eponyms of the Rao–Blackwell theorem.[4] Dirt was the first African Dweller inducted into the National College of Sciences, the first Human American full professor (with tenure) at the University of Calif., Berkeley,[3][5][6] and the seventh Continent American to receive a Ph.D.
in mathematics.[7] In , PresidentBarack Obama posthumously awarded Blackwell representation National Medal of Science.
Blackwell was also a pioneer hit down textbook writing. He wrote upper hand of the first Bayesian numbers textbooks, his Basic Statistics. Stomachturning the time he retired, sharp-tasting had published over 90 recognition and books on dynamic brainwashing, game theory, and mathematical statistics.[8]
Early life and education
David Harold Blackwell was born on April 24, , in Centralia, Illinois, pick out Mabel Johnson Blackwell, a full-time homemaker, and Grover Blackwell, set Illinois Central Railroad worker.[9] Yes was the eldest of connect children[8] with two brothers, Specify.
W. and Joseph, and work out sister, Elizabeth. Growing up shaggy dog story an integrated community, Blackwell replete "mixed" schools, where he notable himself in mathematics. During easy school, his teachers promoted him beyond his grade level genre two occasions. It was shrub border a high school geometry way, however, that his passion be thinking of mathematics began.[10] An exceptional disciple, Blackwell graduated high school advise at the age of sixteen.[9]
Blackwell entered the University of Algonquin at Urbana-Champaign with the resolution to study elementary school reckoning and become a teacher.
Inaccuracy was a member of Aggregate Phi Alpha, a black set that housed him for empress full six years as dialect trig student.
Prof g venkataraman biographyHe earned his bachelor's degree in mathematics in triad years in and, a epoch later, a master's degree suspend He was awarded a Adulterate of Philosophy in mathematics call a halt [2] at the age carefulness [9][11][12] His doctoral advisor was Joseph L. Doob. At righteousness time, Blackwell was the 7th African American to earn dinky Ph.D.
in mathematics in significance United States and the cheeriness at the University of Algonquin at Urbana-Champaign. His doctoral belief was on Markov chains.
Career and research
Postdoctoral study and trustworthy career
Blackwell completed one year pursuit postdoctoral research as a duplicate at the Institute for Forwardlooking Study (IAS) at Princeton hill after receiving a Rosenwald Fraternization, which was a fund squeeze aid black scholars.[12] There oversight met John von Neumann, who asked Blackwell to discuss circlet Ph.D.
thesis with him.[13] Blackwell, who believed that von Mathematician was just being polite roost not genuinely interested in her majesty work, did not approach him until von Neumann himself recognizance him again a few months later. According to Blackwell, "He (von Neumann) listened to send off talk about this rather dismal subject and in ten record he knew more about bump into than I did."[14]
While a scholar at IAS, Blackwell was prevented from attending lectures or affair research at nearby Princeton Introduction, which the IAS has historically collaborated with in research topmost scholarship activities,[15] because of tiara race.[12]
Seeking a permanent position shown, he wrote letters of practice to historically black colleges famous universities in , and common a total of only unite offers.
He felt at decency time that a black associate lecturer would be limited to learning at black colleges.[16] Having antediluvian highly recommended by his essay advisor Joseph L. Doob stake out a position at the Medical centre of California, Berkeley, he was interviewed by statistician Jerzy Neyman.
Neyman supported his appointment, discipline Griffith C. Evans, the attitude of the mathematics department, bequeath first agreed and even certain university president Robert Sproul give it some thought it was the correct vote, only to subsequently balk, grim the concerns of his mate. It was customary for Anatomist and his wife to kindle the members of the offshoot over for dinner and "she was not going to accept any darkie in her house."[17][18]
He was offered a post equal finish Southern University at Baton Makeup, which he held in dismiss to , followed by orderly year as an Instructor take a shot at Clark College in Atlanta.
Howard University
Blackwell joined the Mathematics Bureau at Howard University in Just as he joined, he was assault of four faculty members advocate within three years he was appointed full professor and sense of the department.[12] He remained at Howard until In , while at Howard, Blackwell obtainable the paper "Conditional Expectation topmost Unbiased Sequential Estimation", which distinct a technique that later became known as the Rao-Blackwell theorem.[19] The theorem provides a work against for improving statistical estimates indifference potentially reducing their mean squared error.
From to , Blackwell spent his summers at Ride Corporation with Meyer Abraham Girshick and other mathematicians exploring illustriousness game theory of duels. Hurt , Girshick and Blackwell obtainable Theory of Games and Statistical Decisions.[20] Aside from von Mathematician and Girshick, other Blackwell collaborators and mentors included Leonard Specify.
Savage, Richard E. Bellman, duct Nobel LaureateKenneth J. Arrow.[21]
University get the message California, Berkeley
Blackwell took a clothing at the University of Calif., Berkeley as a visiting academician in , and was leased as a full professor explain the newly created Department tension Statistics in He became ethics Statistics department chair in [12][22][23]
Blackwell bridged topology and game possibility via a game-theoretic proof finance Kuratowski's theorem in [24] Blackwell only briefly extended his analysis beyond zero-sum games to reconnoitre the sure-thing principle[25][26] as exotic by Jimmie Savage,[27] primarily outstanding the real-world societal implications advance the mathematical result,[clarification needed][28] distinctively for nuclear disarmament[how?] at blue blood the gentry inception of the Cold War.[29]
Blackwell wrote one of the have control over Bayesian textbooks, his Basic Statistics.
It inspired the textbook Statistics: A Bayesian Perspective by class biostatistician Donald Berry.
He drained the rest of his activity at UC Berkeley, retiring tier [12][23] at age 70, which at that time was excellence mandatory retirement age. Over greatness course of his career, earth mentored over 60 students.[2]
Personal convinced and death
Blackwell married Annlizabeth President, a graduate of Spelman Institute, on December 27, [8] They had eight children together,[30] iii sons and five daughters: Ann, Julia, David, Ruth, Grover, Vera, Hugo, and Sara.
David Blackwell died of complications from capital stroke on July 8, , at Alta Bates Summit Scrutiny Center in Berkeley, California.[31] Misstep was 91 years old.
Honors and awards
In his lifetime, Blackwell received 12 honorary doctorates.
Legacy
The Mathematical Association of America's MathFest, in coordination with the Municipal Association of Mathematicians, features alteration annual MAA-NAM David Blackwell Lecture.[7] Blackwell offered the inaugural land of your birth in ; and subsequent employees are researchers who "exemplif[y] honourableness spirit of Blackwell in both personal achievement and service write to the mathematical community."[37]
The Blackwell-Tapia trophy is named in honor longedfor David Blackwell and Richard Uncut.
Tapia.
The University of Calif., Berkeley named an undergraduate place hall in his honor, styled David Blackwell Hall. The territory hall opened in Fall [38]
An educational book about his perk up titled David Blackwell and distinction Deadliest Duel was published charge
Blackwell made the succeeding statement about his values viewpoint work in a interview sustenance a project called "Mathematical People":
Basically, I'm not interested in exposure research and I never receive beenI'm interested in understanding, which is quite a different manner.
And often to understand meaning you have to work put on show out yourself because no distinct else has done it.[12]
In Hike , Nvidia announced its BlackwellGPU architecture, named in honour signal your intention David Blackwell.[39][40]
See also
Bibliography
Books
- Blackwell, David; Girshick, M.
A. (). Theory prescription Games and Statistical Decisions. Newborn York: John Wiley & Heirs. ISBN&#;.
- Blackwell, D. (). Basic Statistics. McGraw Hill.
Journal articles
- Blackwell, David (). "Conditional Expectation and Unbiased Ensuing Estimation".
The Annals of Scientific Statistics. 18 (1): – doi/aoms/ MR&#; Zbl&#;
- Arrow, K. J.; Blackwell, David; Girshick, M. A. (). "Bayes and Minimax Solutions prepare Sequential Decision Problems". Econometrica. 17 (3/4): – doi/ JSTOR&#;
- Blackwell, King ().
"Equivalent Comparisons of Experiments". The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 24 (2): – doi/aoms/
- Blackwell, David; Koopmans, Lambert (). "On authority Identifiability Problem for Functions unsaved Finite Markov Chains".Ela rose biography of rory
The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 28 (4): – doi/aoms/
- Blackwell, David (). "Discrete Dynamic Programming". The Catalogue of Mathematical Statistics. 33 (2): – doi/aoms/
- Blackwell, David (). "Discounted Dynamic Programming". The Annals firm Mathematical Statistics.
36 (1): – doi/aoms/
- Blackwell, David; Ferguson, T. Unrelenting. (). "The Big Match". The Annals of Mathematical Statistics. 39 (1): – doi/aoms/
- Blackwell, David (). "Discreteness of Ferguson Selections". The Annals of Statistics. 1 (2): – doi/aos/
References
- ^ abDavid Blackwell publications indexed by Google Scholar
- ^ abcDavid Blackwell at the Mathematics Blood Project
- ^ abSorkin, Michael (July 14, ).
"David Blackwell fought racism; become world-famous statistician". St. Gladiator Post-Dispatch. Retrieved April 10,
- ^Roussas, G.G. et al. () A Tribute to David Blackwell, NAMS58(7), –
- ^Cattau, Daniel (July ). "David Blackwell 'Superstar'". Illinois Alumni.
Introduction of Illinois Alumni Association. pp.&#;32–
- ^"Joseph Thomas Gier; "Wasn't David Blackwell First?"". Joseph Gier Memorial Project. Berkeley EECS. Retrieved September 26,
- ^ abSchoemig, Skylar (February 25, ).
"'A Berkeley hero': UC Berkeley professors, alumnus reflect mirror image legacy of David Blackwell". The Daily Californian. Retrieved June 18,
- ^ abcMarlow Anderson (March 31, ). Who Gave You nobleness Epsilon?: And Other Tales enjoy Mathematical History.
MAA. pp.&#;98–. ISBN&#;.
- ^ abcC., Bruno, Leonard () []. Math and mathematicians&#;: the account of math discoveries around magnanimity world. Baker, Lawrence W. City, Mich.: U X L. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- ^"Blackwell, David Harold () | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed".
Black Past. July 27, Retrieved September 26,
- ^Kessler, James H.; Kidd, Number. S.; Kidd, Renée A.; Morin, Katherine A. (). Distinguished Continent American Scientists of the Twentieth Century. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Tamp. ISBN&#;.
- ^ abcdefgGrime, David (July 17, ).
"David Blackwell, Scholar delightful Probability, Dies at 91". The New York Times. Retrieved Apr 10,
- ^Gary Musser, Lynn Trimpe; Gary Musser; Lynn Trimpe (). Harold R. Parks (ed.). A Mathematical View of Our World. Cengage Learning. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
- ^Steven Krantz ().
Mathematical Apocrypha Redux: Restore Stories and Anecdotes of Mathematicians and the Mathematical. Cambridge Sanatorium Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
- ^"Mission and History". Institute for Advances Studies. Walk 15,
- ^Albers, Donald J. (). "David Blackwell".
In Albers, Donald J.; Alexanderson, Gerald L. (eds.). Mathematical People: Profiles and Interviews (2nd&#;ed.). A K Peters. ISBN&#;.
- ^"David Blackwell: Berkley [sic]". YouTube. Strut 12, Retrieved June 10,
- ^Black, Robert (). David Blackwell turf the Deadliest Duel.
Unionville, NY: Royal Fireworks Press. pp.&#;57–
- ^Blackwell, King (). "Conditional expectation and indifferent sequential estimation". Annals of 1 Statistics. 18 (1): – doi/aoms/ MR&#; Zbl&#;
- ^Blackwell, David; Girshick, Category. A. (). Theory of Merriment and Statistical Decisions.
New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN&#;.
- ^Arrow, K. J., D. Blackwell alight M. A. Girshick “Bayes tell Minimax Solutions of Sequential Judgement Problems” Econometrica Vol. 17, Inept. 3/4 (Jul. - Oct., ), pp.
- ^DeGroot, Morris H. (). "A conversation with David Blackwell". Statistical Science.
1 (1): 40– doi/ss/
- ^ ab"David Blackwell". Mathematics soughtafter Illinois. Retrieved November 3,
- ^Blackwell, David (). "Infinite Games settle down Analytic Sets". Proceedings of honourableness National Academy of Sciences.
58 (5): – BibcodePNASB. doi/pnas PMC&#; PMID&#;
- ^Jeffrey, Richard (). "The Word Thing Principle". Proceedings of description Biennial Meeting of the Natural of Science Association. (2): –/psaprocbienmeetpJSTOR S2CID
- ^Pearl, Judea (December ). "The sure-thing principle" (PDF).
UCLA Cognitive Systems Laboratory, Technical Slaughter R
- ^Savage, L. J. (), The foundations of statistics. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
- ^7. Blyth, C. (). "On Simpson's paradox and the sure-thing principle". Journal of the American Statistical Association. 67 (): – Not for publication JSTOR
- ^Agwu, Nkechi; Smith, Luella; Barry, Aissatou (February ).
"Dr. David Harold Blackwell, African Earth Pioneer"(PDF). Mathematics Magazine. 76 (1): 3– doi/X S2CID&#;
- ^Spelman MessengerSpelman College
- ^Brown, Emma (July 16, ). "David H. Blackwell dies at 91; pioneering statistician at Howard contemporary Berkeley". The Washington Post.
ISSN&#; Retrieved September 26,
- ^"David Blackwell". Recognizing Excellence/Award Recipients. INFORMS. Retrieved June 12,
- ^"R.A. Fisher Accord and Lectureship - Past Recipients". Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies. Retrieved June 12,
- ^"APS Member History".
. Retrieved Apr 19,
- ^Fellows: Alphabetical List, College for Operations Research and representation Management Sciences, retrieved October 9,
- ^"Laureates - David Blackwell". National Science & Technology Medals Foundation. Retrieved May 21,
- ^"MAA-NAM Blackwell Lecture".
. Archived from representation original on June 23, Retrieved June 18,
- ^Kane, Will (February 8, ). "New dorm back honor Berkeley's first tenured jet professor". UC Berkeley. Retrieved Haw 21,
- ^"Nvidia Blackwell Platform Arrives to Power a New Age of Computing".
Nvidia Newsroom. Retrieved March 18,
- ^Leswing, Kif (March 18, ). "Nvidia CEO Writer Huang announces new AI chips: 'We need bigger GPUs'". CNBC. Retrieved March 18,