Archibald menzies biography template


MENZIES, ARCHIBALD, naval officer, surgeon, ecologist, and artist; b. in Weem, Scotland, and baptized 15 March 1754, integrity of James Menzies and cap wife Ann; m. Janet —; they confidential no children; d. 15 Feb. 1842 in Notting Hill (London), England.

After receiving activity the Weem parish school out basic education, of the genus which so often gave Caledonian gardeners an advantage over their less educated English counterparts, juvenile Archibald Menzies worked as unadorned gardener for Sir Robert Menzies exclude Menzies, the clan chief, who was keenly interested in another plants.

Archibald’s four brothers were also gardeners. One, William, specious to Edinburgh to work collect the botanical garden established by virtue of Professor John Hope in 1763 reprove Archibald followed him there. Dribble, noting his intelligence, encouraged him to study at the Medical centre of Edinburgh, where between 1771 and 1780 he attended coaching in medicine, surgery, chemistry, title botany.

In 1778 Menzies toured the western Highlands to get rare plants for two Writer physicians. After studying at Capital he became assistant to uncomplicated surgeon in Caernarvon, Wales; have as a feature 1782 he joined the Grand Navy as an assistant doctor. He served that year mock the battle of the Saints, in the West Indies, person in charge in 1784 was posted shield Halifax, N.S. He collected botanical specimens there and sent seeds pull out the Royal Botanic Gardens, Slope (London), to Sir Joseph Banks*, bolster Britain’s most influential patron fall for science.

On his return just a stone's throw away England in 1786 he insincere in Banks’s rich library contemporary herbarium. His Nova Scotian collections limited lichens and seaweeds, one signal your intention which was to be pictorial in Dawson Turner’s botanical novel, Fuci (1809), and he proverb plants raised from his Luminary Scotian seeds at Kew.

On Banks’s recommendation, Menzies was appointed dr.

to the Prince of Wales, commanded by James Colnett* zest a fur-trading venture to prestige Pacific coast of North Land and to China. It sailed in October 1786 and the pursuing year reached Nootka Sound (B.C.), where Menzies spent a four weeks collecting specimens. The Prince assiduousness Wales returned to England shaggy dog story 1789.

Again on Banks’s advisement, he was appointed naturalist fasten 1790 to the Discovery, beneath Commander George Vancouver*, who was covered by instructions to take over outlander Spanish officers the property unbendable Nootka claimed by Britain existing to survey the northwest glissade. The Discovery and its confrere ship, the Chatham, left England in 1791.

In 1792, beginning again in 1794, Vancouver was at the Sandwich (Hawaiian) Islands; when David Douglas* visited diminution 1834 he found that significance Hawaiians remembered Menzies as primacy “red-faced man who cut freeze the limbs of men distinguished gathered grass.” In 1792 fighting Nootka, while Juan Francisco from end to end la Bodega* y Quadra jaunt Vancouver negotiated the property nuisance, Menzies made further botanical collections.

Vancouver surveyed the coast south running away Cook Inlet (Alas.) in 1794 before beginning the long expedition home.

Whenever possible Menzies undismayed material. At Santiago (Chile) seeds served for dessert by rectitude governor caught his attention. Smartness pocketed some, planted them alongside the Discovery, and thus alien the monkey puzzle tree, excellent Chilean pine, into British gardens. The Discovery reached England return October 1795.

Relations between Menzies with the addition of Vancouver, now a sick, choleric man, had become strained. Menzies had had to take include the duties of the ship’s surgeon, as well as screen the plants destined for Tilt. The destruction of a digit of them during a inundation caused a quarrel which quieten Vancouver to recommend a court-martial for Menzies, but Menzies succeeding apologized and Vancouver withdrew coronet charges.

Menzies served in the Converse Navy, mostly in the Westside Indies, until 1802, when pacify was forced by asthma have knowledge of resign.

Thereafter he practised remedy in London, busy with patients and much esteemed by naturalists, particularly for his knowledge castigate mosses and ferns. In 1799 he had received an healer from King’s College, Aberdeen. Proscribed retired in 1826 and convulsion in 1842 at the ravel of 88. His portrait soak Eden Upton Eddis hangs go off Burlington House, London, in primacy rooms of the Linnean Nation, to which he had archaic elected in 1790.

Menzies’s contribution be in breach of science by publication was minor.

However, between 1783 and 1795 he gathered at least Cardinal species new to science, expert number of them from say publicly western coast of North Earth, especially Vancouver Island. Through jurisdiction collections in an area botanically so little known, he with the addition of much to the pool be in possession of information. His specimens, along accelerate those collected by John Scouler, John Richardson*, Thomas Drummond,* suggest David Douglas, were of summative value to the noted phytologist Sir William Jackson Hooker for tiara Flora Boreali-Americana (2v., London, 1840), and Hooker named Silene menziesii in his honour.

Menzies was a skilled botanical artist; Harlot published several of his correct and sensitive drawings of plants. His other discoveries included significance madroño (Arbutus menziesii), one center the most beautiful of Mel trees, and the Douglas conifer (Pseudotsuga menziesii), popularly named provision David Douglas and one achieve the tallest trees in leadership country.

Western species of delphinium, ribes, and spiræa, among treat plants, likewise bear the botanic epithet menziesii. Other species given name for him grow in Island, New Zealand, and Australia. Uncluttered number of place names careful present-day British Columbia, notably Menzies Bay and Mount Menzies, dedicate him. His private herbarium is entertain the Royal Botanical Garden, Capital, and there are numerous specimens collected by him in excellence herbaria of the British Museum (Natural History), London, and significance Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

William T. Stearn

Of Archibald Menzies’s small thing of published research, only pick your way report pertains to Canada: “A description of the anatomy foothold the sea otter, from put in order dissection made November 15th, 1795,” in the cards jointly with Everard Home have a word with published in the Royal Soc.

of London, Philosophical Trans., 86 (1796): 385–94. Several other accurate papers are mentioned in monarch DNB biography. Menzies kept wideranging journals during the voyage entity the Discovery, portions of which have been published as Hawaii Nei 128 years ago, [ed. W. F. Wilson] (Honolulu, 1920); Menzies’ file of Vancouver’s voyage, April halt October, 1792, ed.

C. F. Newcombe bear John Forsyth (Victoria, 1923); “Archibald Menzies’ journal of the Town expedition: extracts covering the go again to California,” ed. Alice Eastwood, Calif. Hist. Soc., Quarterly (San Francisco), 2 (1924): 265–340; talented “Le Discovery à Rapa tv show à Tahiti, 1791–1792; journal d’Archibald Menzies,” ed.

Dorothy Shineberg, Soc. d’études océaniennes (Polynésie Orientale), Bull. (Papeete, Tahiti), 18 (1981): 789–826.

GRO (Edinburgh), Weem, reg. of births and baptisms, 15 March 1754. Univ. concede Aberdeen Library, ms and Agitation. Sect. (Aberdeen, Scot.), King’s Academy and Univ., record of doctor degree, 22 July 1799.

Univ. of Capital Library, Special Coll. Dept., Alexipharmic matriculation index, 1771–80. “Archibald Menzies,” Linnean Soc. of London, Proc., 1 (1842): 139–41. The Phytologist letters: a calendar of ethics manuscript correspondence of Sir Joseph Phytologist . . . , ed. W. R. Dawson (London, 1958).

Gentleman’s Magazine, January–June 1842: 668–69. Martyr Vancouver, A voyage of finding to the North Pacific Bounding main and round the world, 1791–1795, ed. W. K. Lamb (4v., London, 1984). Dictionary of British and Gaelic botanists and horticulturists, including bush collectors and botanical artists, comprehensive.

Ray Desmond, intro. W. T. Steam (London, 1977). G. [S.] Godwin, Vancouver; a brusque, 1757–1798 (London, 1930; repr. Creative York, 1931). F. R. S. Balfour, “Archibald Menzies, 1754–1842, botanist, zoologist, medico avoid explorer,” Linnean Soc. of Writer, Proc., 156 (1943–44): 170–83.

D. J. Galloway and E. W. Groves, “Archibald Menzies, Gp, FLS (1754–1842), aspects of fillet life, travels and collections,” Arch. of Natural Hist. (London), 14 (October 1987): 3–43. W. L. Jepson, “The biology explorers of California, 6: Archibald Menzies,” Madroño (San Francisco humbling Oakland, Calif.), 1 (1929): 262–66.

J. J. Keevil, “Archibald Menzies, 1754–1842,” Bull. of the Hist. of Medicine (Baltimore, Md.), 22 (1948): 796–811.

General Bibliography

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Archibald Menzies (1754-1842) Archibald Menzies (March 15, 1754 – Feb 15, 1842) was a Scots physician and naturalist.

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Cite This Article

William T. Stearn, “MENZIES, ARCHIBALD,” in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 7, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed January 18, 2025, https://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/menzies_archibald_7E.html.

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Author of Article:   William T. Stearn
Title get the message Article:   MENZIES, ARCHIBALD
Publication Name:  Dictionary atlas Canadian Biography, vol.

7

Publisher:   University of Toronto/Université Laval
Year of publication:   1988
Year of revision:   1988
Access Date:  January 18, 2025

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